11. Shareholders’ Equity / (Deficit)

The following tables present a reconciliation of the Company’s beginning and ending balances in shareholders’ equity / (deficit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

The Company’s capital structure consists of ordinary shares and undesignated preferred shares. Under Irish law, the Company is prohibited from allotting shares without consideration. Accordingly, at least the nominal value of the shares issued underlying any

warrant, restricted share award, restricted share unit, performance share award, bonus share or any other share based grant must be paid pursuant to the Irish Companies Act 2014 (Irish Companies Act).

Ordinary Shares

On June 3, 2020, the Company entered into the June 3 SPA with the June 3 Purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in the June 3 Offering, an aggregate of 2,971,770 ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value per share, at a purchase price per share of $1.6825, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $5.0 million and net proceeds of $4.3 million after deducting fees payable to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The closing date of the June 3 Offering was June 5, 2020.

On June 30, 2020, the Company entered into the June 30 SPA with the June 30 Purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in the June 30 Offering, an aggregate of 3,372,686 ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value per share, at a purchase price per share of $1.4825, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $5.0 million and net proceeds of $4.2 million after deducting fees payable to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The closing date of the June 30 Offering was July 2, 2020.

On October 27, 2020, the Company completed the October Offering in which it sold an aggregate of (i) 15,511,537 ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value per share, (ii) pre-funded warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 11,411,539 ordinary shares and (iii) warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 20,192,307 ordinary shares. The ordinary shares and pre-funded warrants were each offered together with the warrants, but the ordinary shares and pre-funded warrants were issued separately from the warrants. The combined offering price was $0.65 per ordinary share and warrant and $0.64 per pre-funded warrant and warrant. Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the October Offering were $17.4 million and net proceeds were $15.5 million after deducting fees payable to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

On February 3, 2021, the Company entered into the Underwriting Agreement pursuant to which it issued and sold 34,782,609 ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value per share, at a public offering price per share of $1.15. The February Underwritten Offering closed on February 8, 2021. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the underwriter an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 5,217,391 ordinary shares on the same terms and conditions, which the underwriter exercised in full on February 10, 2021. This exercise increased the total number of ordinary shares sold by the Company in the offering to 40,000,000 shares, which resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of $46.0 million and net proceeds of $42.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

On February 9, 2021, the Company completed the February Registered Direct Offering, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 17,500,000 ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value per share, at a purchase price per share of $2.00, for aggregate gross proceeds of $35.0 million and net proceeds of $32.2 million after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. The closing date of the February Registered Direct Offering was February 12, 2021. The Company offered the ordinary shares in the June 3 Offering, June 30 Offering, February Underwritten Offering and February Registered Direct Offering pursuant to its universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3.

Beginning on January 21, 2021 to September 30, 2021, certain noteholders of $39.2 million aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes have exchanged their notes for an aggregate of 53,888,331 of the Company’s ordinary shares, which included accrued and unpaid interest relating to such notes. The aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes outstanding as of September 30, 2021 was $12.6 million.

At the Company’s annual general meeting of shareholders on June 10, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase of 100,000,000 ordinary shares of $0.01 par value each to the number of authorized ordinary shares and the Company’s Articles of Association were amended accordingly.

At the Company’s extraordinary general meeting of shareholders on January 28, 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase of an additional 150,000,000 ordinary shares of $0.01 par value each to the number of authorized ordinary shares and the Company’s Articles of Association were amended accordingly. The Company has authorized ordinary shares of 300,000,000 ordinary shares of $0.01 par value each as of September 30, 2021. The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share held. The holders of ordinary shares currently have no preemptive or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to such shares.

Warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares

In connection with the initial drawdown under the Loan and Security Agreement, the Company issued SVB and LSF warrants to purchase an aggregate of 19,890 Series B convertible preferred shares (which converted into warrants to purchase 19,890 ordinary shares upon the Company’s IPO) at an exercise price of $18.85 per share.

In connection with the June 3 Offering completed on June 5, 2020, pursuant to the June 3 SPA, in a concurrent private placement, the Company issued and sold to the June 3 Purchasers warrants to purchase up to 1,485,885 ordinary shares. Upon closing,

the warrants became exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $1.62 per ordinary share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on December 5, 2025. Warrants to purchase 208,023 ordinary shares, amounting to 7% of the ordinary shares issued under the June 3 SPA, were issued to designees of the placement agent on the closing of the June 3 Offering. Upon closing, the warrants issued to such designees were exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $2.1031 per ordinary share and will expire on June 3, 2025.

In connection with the June 30 Offering completed on July 2, 2020, pursuant to the June 30 SPA, in a concurrent private placement, the Company has also issued and sold to the June 30 Purchasers warrants to purchase up to 1,686,343 ordinary shares. Upon closing, the warrants became exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $1.42 per ordinary share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on January 2, 2026. Warrants to purchase 236,088 ordinary shares, amounting to 7% of the ordinary shares issued under the June 30 SPA, were issued to designees of the placement agent on closing of the June 30 Offering. Upon closing, the warrants issued to such designees were exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $1.8531 per ordinary share and will expire on June 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2021, warrants issued in connection with the June 30 Offering had been exercised for 1,264,757 ordinary shares, for net proceeds of $1.8 million.

In connection with the October Offering, the Company issued and sold warrants to purchase up to 20,192,307 ordinary shares. Upon closing, the warrants became exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $0.65 per ordinary share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on October 27, 2025. Warrants to purchase 1,884,615 ordinary shares, which represents a number of ordinary shares equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of ordinary shares and pre-funded warrants sold in the October Offering, were issued to designees of the placement agent on closing of the October Offering. Upon closing, the warrants issued to such designees became exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $0.8125 per ordinary share and expire on October 22, 2025. As of September 30, 2021, warrants issued in connection with the October Offering had been exercised for 20,890,516 ordinary shares, for net proceeds of $13.9 million.

In connection with the February Underwritten Offering, the Company issued to the underwriter’s designees warrants to purchase 2,434,783 ordinary shares, amounting to 7.0% of the aggregate number of ordinary shares sold in the February Underwritten Offering which closed on February 8, 2021. The warrants issued to such designees have an exercise price of $1.4375 per ordinary share, were exercisable upon issuance and will expire on February 3, 2026. As of September 30, 2021, warrants issued in connection with the February Underwritten Offering had been exercised for 380,000 ordinary shares, for net proceeds of $0.5 million.

The Company has classified the warrants as equity in accordance with ASC 815. The fair value of the warrants was valued at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: 

In connection with the February Underwritten Offering, the Company granted the underwriter an option for a period of 30 days to purchase an additional 5,217,391 ordinary shares. Upon the underwriter’s exercise of its option, on February 10, 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase an additional 365,217 ordinary shares to the underwriter’s designees, amounting to 7.0% of the aggregate number of additional ordinary shares sold pursuant to the underwriter’s option. The warrants issued to such designees have an exercise price of $1.4375 per ordinary share, were exercisable upon issuance and will expire on February 3, 2026.

The Company has classified the warrants as equity in accordance with ASC 815. The fair value of the warrants was valued at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: 

In connection with the February Registered Direct Offering which closed on February 12, 2021, warrants to purchase 1,225,000 ordinary shares, amounting to 7.0% of the aggregate number of ordinary shares issued under the February SPA, were issued to designees of the placement agent upon closing. The warrants issued to such designees were exercisable upon issuance at an exercise price of $2.50 per ordinary share and will expire on February 9, 2026.

The Company has classified the warrants as equity in accordance with ASC 815. The fair value of the warrants was valued at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

Undesignated Preferred Shares

The Company has authorized 100,000,000 undesignated preferred shares of $0.01 par value each as of September 30, 2021. The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized by the Company’s Articles of Association to determine the rights attaching to the undesignated preferred shares including rights of redemption, rights as to dividends, rights on winding up and conversion rights. There were no designated preferred shares in issue as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.