8. Debt

Secured Credit Facility

On April 27, 2018, the Company’s subsidiaries, Iterum Therapeutics International Limited, Iterum Therapeutics US Holding Limited and Iterum Therapeutics US Limited (the Borrowers), entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with SVB pursuant to which SVB agreed to lend the Borrowers up to $30,000 in two term loans. $15,000 of the secured credit facility was funded on closing. A second draw of up to $15,000 was available to the Company through October 31, 2019, upon satisfaction of either of the following: (i) the achievement by the Company of both non-inferiority and superiority primary endpoints from its Phase 3 uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) trial, as well as reporting satisfactory safety data from the trial, or (ii) the achievement of non-inferiority primary endpoints from both its Phase 3 uUTI and complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) trials, as well as reporting satisfactory safety data from the trials. A non-utilization fee of 1.50% of the aggregate undrawn principal amount was to apply if the Company satisfied the above conditions but chose not to draw down the second term loan. The Company did not satisfy the conditions for the second draw above before the deadline of October 31, 2019.

Required monthly amortization payments for the initial $15,000 draw commenced on November 1, 2019 and total principal repayments of $1,552 were made during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Interest accrues at a floating per annum rate equal to the greater of (i) 8.31%; or (ii) 3.89% above the Wall Street Journal prime rate, and is payable monthly in arrears. All outstanding principal, plus a 4.20% final interest payment, will be due and payable on the earliest to occur of March 1, 2022 (the maturity date), the acceleration of the term loan or the prepayment of the term loan. The final payment fee of $630, which represents 4.2% of the funded loan, is accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the loan as interest expense. Voluntary prepayments are permitted at any time, subject to a prepayment fee of 4.00% in the first year, 3.00% in the second year, and 2.00% thereafter.

In connection with the initial $15,000 draw, the Company issued SVB and Life Sciences Fund II LLC (LSF) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 19,890 Series B convertible preferred shares (which converted into warrants to purchase 19,890 ordinary shares upon the Company’s IPO) at an exercise price of $18.85 per share. If the second term loan had been drawn down, each of SVB and LSF would have been automatically entitled to purchase additional ordinary shares in an aggregate amount equal to 2.50% of the second term loan divided by the applicable exercise price.

The loan proceeds were allocated based on the relative fair values of the debt instrument and the warrant instrument. The fair value of the warrants and the closing costs were recorded as debt discounts and are being amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the loan. The effective annual interest rate of the outstanding debt is approximately 9.78% as of March 31, 2020. The Company recognized $410 and $448 of interest expense related to the loan agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, including $116 and $98 related to the accretion of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

2025 Exchangeable Notes

On January 21, 2020, the Company completed a Private Placement pursuant to which its wholly owned subsidiary, Iterum Bermuda issued and sold approximately $51.6 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Exchangeable Notes and $0.1 million aggregate principal amount of RLNs, to a group of accredited investors. The Securities were sold in Units with each Unit consisting of an Exchangeable Note in the original principal amount $1,000 and 50 RLNs. The Units were sold at a price of $1,000 per Unit.  

The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable for the Company’s ordinary shares, cash or a combination of ordinary shares and cash, at an initial exchange rate of 1,000 shares per $1,000 of principal and interest on the Exchangeable Notes (equivalent to an initial exchange price of approximately $1.00 per ordinary share), at any time beginning on the first anniversary of the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes, subject to specified limitations.

In addition, the Exchangeable Notes will become due and payable by the Company upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (Fundamental Change) as defined in the Exchangeable Notes indenture. The Company will be required to pay the holder of the Exchangeable Notes the greater of three times the outstanding principal amount of such Exchangeable Note and the consideration that would be received by the holder of such Exchangeable Note in connection with such Fundamental Change if the holder had exchanged its note for ordinary shares immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Change.

The Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts, or embedded components of those contracts, qualify as derivatives under ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging, requiring separate recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The Company evaluated the accounting for the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes and concluded that the embedded exchange option is considered a derivative liability under ASC 815-15 requiring bifurcation, from the Exchangeable Notes, as it does not qualify for the scope exceptions for contracts in an entity’s own equity given the terms of the Exchangeable Notes. The exchange option is accounted for as a derivative liability, under ASC 815-15, and is required to be separated and recorded as a liability, which is revalued each reporting period with the resulting change in fair value reflected in other (expense) / income, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.         

The fair value of the exchange option at January 21, 2020 was $27,038, which was recorded as a reduction to the book value of the host debt contract. This debt discount is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. Transaction costs amounting to $2,130 were allocated to the exchange option. These costs are reflected in private placement transaction costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for three months ended March 31, 2020. Transaction costs, amounting to $2,135, were allocated to the debt host and capitalized in the host debt book value.    

In circumstances where the embedded exchange option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated, and there are other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

The Company determined that all other features of the Exchangeable Notes were clearly and closely associated with a debt host and did not require bifurcation as a derivative liability, or that the fair value of the feature was immaterial to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company recognized $652 of interest expense related to the Exchangeable Notes during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $1,589 related to the amortization of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs. These amounts are recorded in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The balance of the Exchangeable Notes as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:

Scheduled principal payments on outstanding debt, as of March 31, 2020, for the following five fiscal years and thereafter were as follows: