9. Debt

Secured Credit Facility

On April 27, 2018, the Company’s subsidiaries, Iterum Therapeutics International Limited, Iterum Therapeutics US Holding Limited and Iterum Therapeutics US Limited (the Borrowers), entered into a loan and security agreement (Loan and Security Agreement) with SVB pursuant to which SVB agreed to lend the Borrowers up to $30,000 in two term loans. $15,000 of the secured credit facility was funded on closing. A second draw of up to $15,000 was available to the Company through October 31, 2019, upon satisfaction of either of the following: (i) the achievement by the Company of both non-inferiority and superiority primary endpoints from its Phase 3 uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) trial, as well as reporting satisfactory safety data from the trial, or (ii) the achievement of non-inferiority primary endpoints from both its Phase 3 uUTI and complicated urinary tract infection trials, as well as reporting satisfactory safety data from the trials. The Company did not satisfy the conditions for the second draw above before the

deadline of October 31, 2019. All outstanding principal, plus a 4.20% final interest payment, were due and paid on March 1, 2022 (the maturity date), effectively terminating the Loan and Security Agreement.

In connection with the initial $15,000 draw, the Company issued SVB and Life Sciences Fund II LLC (LSF) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 19,890 Series B convertible preferred shares (which converted into warrants to purchase 1,326 ordinary shares upon the Company’s initial public offering (IPO)) at an exercise price of $282.75 per share. These warrants will expire on April 27, 2028.

In connection with the Private Placement, Iterum Bermuda was joined as a party to the Loan and Security Agreement as a borrower and the Loan and Security Agreement was amended on January 16, 2020 to, among other things, modify the definition of subordinated debt to include the RLNs and Exchangeable Notes.

2025 Exchangeable Notes

On January 21, 2020, the Company completed a Private Placement pursuant to which its wholly owned subsidiary, Iterum Bermuda issued and sold $51,588 aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes and $103 aggregate principal amount of RLNs, to a group of accredited investors. On September 8, 2020, the Company completed a rights offering (the 2020 Rights Offering) pursuant to which Iterum Bermuda issued and sold $220 aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes and $0.5 aggregate principal amount of RLNs, to existing shareholders. The Securities were sold in Units with each Unit consisting of an Exchangeable Note in the original principal amount of $1,000 and 50 RLNs. The Units were sold at a price of $1,000 per Unit.

At any time on or after January 21, 2021, subject to specified limitations, the Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable for the Company’s ordinary shares, cash or a combination of ordinary shares and cash, at the Company’s election, at an exchange rate of 175.2191 shares per $1,000 principal and interest on the Exchangeable Notes (equivalent to an exchange price of approximately $5.707 per ordinary share) as of September 30, 2024, which exchange rate was adjusted from an initial exchange rate of 66.666 shares per $1,000 principal and interest on the Exchangeable Notes (equivalent to an initial exchange price of $15.00 per ordinary share) and is subject to further adjustment pursuant to the terms of the Exchangeable Notes Indenture. Any accrued and unpaid interest being exchanged will be calculated to include all interest accrued on the Exchangeable Notes being exchanged to, but excluding, the exchange settlement date. Beginning on January 21, 2021 to September 30, 2024, certain noteholders of $40,691 aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes have completed a non-cash exchange of their notes for an aggregate of 3,760,155 of the Company’s ordinary shares, which included accrued and unpaid interest relating to such notes. The aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Notes outstanding as of September 30, 2024 was $11,117.

In addition, the Exchangeable Notes will become due and payable by the Company upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change as defined in the Exchangeable Notes Indenture. The Company will be required to pay each holder of the Exchangeable Notes the greater of three times the outstanding principal amount of such Exchangeable Note and the consideration that would be received by the holder of such Exchangeable Note in connection with such Fundamental Change if the holder had exchanged its note for ordinary shares immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Change, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company evaluates its debt and equity issuances to determine if those contracts, or embedded components of those contracts, qualify as derivatives under ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging, requiring separate recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The Company evaluated the accounting for the issuance of the Exchangeable Notes and concluded that the embedded exchange option and change of control feature are considered a derivative liability under ASC 815-15 requiring bifurcation, from the Exchangeable Notes, as it does not qualify for the scope exceptions for contracts in an entity’s own equity given the terms of the Exchangeable Notes. The exchange option and change of control feature are accounted for as a derivative liability, under ASC 815-15, and are required to be separated and recorded as a single liability, which is revalued at each reporting period with the resulting change in fair value reflected in adjustments to fair value of derivatives in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The fair value of the derivative liability related to the Private Placement on January 21, 2020 was $27,038, and the fair value of the derivative liability related to the 2020 Rights Offering on September 8, 2020 was $82, both of which were recorded as a reduction to the book value of the host debt contract. This debt discount is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. Transaction costs amounting to $2,848 were allocated to the exchange option. These costs were reflected in financing transaction costs in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2020. Transaction costs amounting to $2,814 were allocated to the debt host and capitalized in the host debt book value.

In circumstances where the embedded exchange option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated, and there are other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument

liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within twelve months of the balance sheet date.

The Company determined that all other features of the Exchangeable Notes were clearly and closely associated with a debt host and did not require bifurcation as a derivative liability. The initial value of the Exchangeable Notes on inception, net of transaction costs, was $9,891.

The Company recognized $181 and $542 of interest expense related to the Exchangeable Notes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $205 and $615 of interest expense related to the Exchangeable Notes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $575 and $1,713 related to the amortization of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $591 and $1,753 related to the amortization of the debt discounts and deferred financing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. These amounts are recorded in interest expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The balance of the Exchangeable Notes as of September 30, 2024 is as follows: